德国高等教育中的财政和绩效导向预算:竞争激发效率     

米歇尔·列申斯基  刘晗 《北京大学教育评论》2008,6(1):132-138

高等教育系统的绩效能力,不仅取决于财政资源投入的充足性,还取决于使用这些财政资源的效率。与国际水平相比较,德国高等教育财政投入略显不足。为了满足学术训练的长期需求以及加强国际竞争力,德国需要增加对高等教育的投入。此外,系统内部缺乏竞争力导致稀缺资源得不到充分利用。德国高校平均收入的79%来源于制度性的国家助学金,使得国家监督机制经受特别的考验。因此,绩效导向监督政策的实施以及机构水平竞争力的加强是一项重大改革。德国的财政改革一向集中于基于指标的基金分配,因为这种分配模式可以导致机构之间产生最直接的竞争。这种更为激烈的竞争使得机构之间产生分化,以决出优劣。为了保证在这一发展过程中高等教育系统获得利益,高等教育机构的自治性非常重要。高校必须能够对自己的行为负责,并且能够根据相应的机构计划来转变观念和配置资源。  相似文献   

Test access to deeply embedded analog terminals within an A/MS SoC     

NIARAKI Asli Rahebeh MIRZAKUCHAKI Sattar NAVABI Zainalabedin RENOVELL Michel 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2007,8(10):1543-1552

This paper presents a standard scalable and reconfigurable design for testability (SR DfT) in order to increase ac- cessibility to deeply embedded A/MS cores and to limit application of costly off-chip mixed-signal testers. SR DfT is an oscilla- tion-based wrapper compatible with digital embedded core-based SoC test methodologies. The impact of the optimized oscilla- tion-based wrapper design on MS SoC testing is evaluated in two directions: area and test time. Experimental results are presented for several SoCs from the ITC’02 test benchmarks with inclusion of eight analog filters.  相似文献   

Examining the Influence of Increased Knowledge About White-Collar Crime on Attitudes Toward It in the Undergraduate Classroom     

Cedric Michel 《Journal of Criminal Justice Education》2017,28(1):52-73

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of exposure to information about white-collar crime among college students on changes, if any, in their opinion toward it. The research design employed a one-group pretest–posttest design. Undergraduate students enrolled in a college course on white-collar crime answered a survey that measured their level of knowledge about crimes of the powerful and general sentiments toward them both on the first and last day of the semester. With the notable exception of environmental racism, subjects’ knowledge about white-collar crime—which was already high at time 1—did not statistically increase during the course of the semester. Similarly, attitudes toward white-collar crime remained both negative and stable. Correlational analyses between knowledge gains and changes in sentiments revealed that better-informed subjects were generally more likely to consider white-collar crime a serious issue and to recommend tougher sanctions against its perpetrators.  相似文献   

The international dimension of the debate on the nature of the educational sciences: A comparative approach     

Michel Debeauvais 《Prospects》1989,19(3):381-388

Co-founder and Honorary President of the Francophone Association for Comparative Education. Former Director of the International Institute for Educational Planning and former President of the World Council of Comparative Education Associations. Author of numerous books and articles.  相似文献   

Phonological and visual processing deficits can dissociate in developmental dyslexia: Evidence from two case studies     

Valdois  Sylviane  Bosse  Marie-Line  Ans  B.  Carbonnel  S.  Zorman  Michel  David  D.  Pellat  Jacques 《Reading and writing》2003,16(6):541-572

The present study describes two Frenchteenagers with developmental reading andwriting impairments whose performance wascompared to that of chronological age andreading age matched non-dyslexic participants.Laurent conforms to the pattern of phonologicaldyslexia: he exhibits a poor performance inpseudo-word reading and spelling, producesphonologically inaccurate misspellings butreads most exception words accurately. Nicolas,in contrast, is poor in reading and spelling ofexception words but is quite good atpseudo-word spelling, suggesting that hesuffers from surface dyslexia and dysgraphia.The two participants were submitted to anextensive battery of metaphonological tasks andto two visual attentional tasks. Laurentdemonstrated poor phonemic awareness skills butgood visual processing abilities, while Nicolasshowed the reverse pattern with severedifficulties in the visual attentional tasksbut good phonemic awareness. The presentresults suggest that a visual attentionaldisorder might be found to be associated withthe pattern of developmental surface dyslexia.The present findings further show thatphonological and visual processing deficits candissociate in developmental dyslexia.  相似文献   

"WE ARE ONE BIG, HAPPY FAMILY": BEYOND NEGOTIATION AND COMPULSORY HAPPINESS     

Bruno Vanobbergen  Michel Vandenbroeck  Rudi Roose  Maria Bouverne-De Bie 《Educational theory》2006,56(4):423-437

A bstract .  Much recent scholarship on changing educational practices in Western families focuses on the idea that negotiation has become the dominant approach to family household management. In this essay, Bruno Vanobbergen, Michel Vandenbroeck, Rudi Roose, and Maria Bouverne-De Bie examine the idea of the negotiation model functioning as a directive. To illustrate this process, they demonstrate how the contemporary vocabulary about parental education affects the construction of parental beliefs and the concepts that define research. The authors first present a genealogy of negotiation by looking at constructions of childhood and parenthood, as well as the educational practices that shape, and are in turn shaped by, these constructions. They then turn their attention to the concept of the autonomous self and its implications for family relations and family household practices.  相似文献   

Linkages between children's and their friends' social and physical aggression: evidence for a gene-environment interaction?     

Mara Brendgen  Michel Boivin  Frank Vitaro  William M Bukowski  Ginette Dionne  Richard E Tremblay  Daniel Pérusse 《Child development》2008,79(1):13-29

Based on a sample of 406 seven-year-old twins, this study examined whether exposure to friends' social or physical aggression, respectively, moderates the effect of heritability on children's own social and physical aggression. Univariate analyses showed that children's own social and physical aggression were significantly explained by genetic factors, whereas friends' social and physical aggression represented "true" environmental factors that were unrelated to children's genetic dispositions. Multivariate analyses further suggested a possible gene-environment interaction in the link between friends' and children's physical aggression but not in the link between friends' and children's social aggression. Instead, friends' social aggression was directly related to children's social aggression, in addition to genetic effects on this behavior. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.  相似文献   

伊犁北部博罗霍努岩体年代学和地球化学研究及其大地构造意义     

王博  舒良树Dominique CLUZEL Michel FAURE Jacques CHARVET 《中国科技期刊研究》2007,23(8):1885-1900

博罗霍努岩体是发育在新疆伊犁北部的一个大型海西期花岗岩体，总体沿近SE-NW向分布，出露面积逾2000km^2。该岩体主要包括三类花岗岩：灰黑色辉石闪长岩、浅色黑云母花岗岩和紫红色黑云母钾长花岗岩。锆石U-Pb La-ICP-MS定年表明，辉石闪长岩的年龄为301±7Ma．黑云母花岗岩的年龄范围为294±7～285±7Ma，而黑云母钾长花岗岩则形成于280±5～266±6Ma。岩石地球化学分析显示，黑云母花岗岩和钾长花岗岩以准铝或弱过铝I型花岗岩为主，个别属于弱过铝S型花岗岩。在微量元素方面，这些花岗岩均富集轻稀土而亏损重稀土，但来自两个剖面的花岗岩具有不同的稀土元素配分模式，可能代表它们的岩浆源区有所不同，因此需要进一步对这些花岗岩进行同位素地质学研究。相对于洋脊花岗岩而言，博罗霍努岩体的花岗岩明显富集K，Rb，Ba和Th，同时，显著亏损Nb，Ta，Y和Yb。以上地球化学特征及微量元素判别图表明，这些花岗岩类形成于俯冲有关的火山岛弧环境。结合伊犁及邻区岩浆岩的特征及其时代，可以认为博罗霍努岩体的形成与天山北部洋壳向南的俯冲造山作用有关。西天山北部俯冲造山作用最终在中二叠世结束，并在中—晚二叠世进入陆内造山和伸展拉张阶段。  相似文献   

A “Grand Challenge”: Measuring Information Societies     

Michel J. Menou  Richard D. Taylor 《The Information Society》2006,22(5):261-267

Even though there has been a proliferation of e-society measures in recent years, analyses of the metrics of the “information society” are still far from responsive to the needs of many stakeholders and continue to suffer from a number of serious limitations. Issues in eight critical areas are briefly presented. They include: definition of the universe to be measured; definition of the objects and phenomena to include in the universe; need to establish measurements based upon solid theories; units of measurements; data sources and collection; methods of analysis and construction of indicators; target audiences; and purpose and utilization of measurements. An organized collective effort, which could provide the impetus for the development of a coherent academic field of study, is called for to address this “grand challenge.”  相似文献   

A monozygotic twin difference study of friends' aggression and children's adjustment problems     

Vitaro F  Brendgen M  Boivin M  Cantin S  Dionne G  Tremblay RE  Girard A  Pérusse D 《Child development》2011,82(2):617-632

This study used the monozygotic (MZ) twin difference method to examine whether differences in friends' aggression increased the differences in MZ twins' aggression and depressive symptoms from kindergarten to Grade 1 and whether perceived victimization by the friend played a mediating role in this context. Participants were 223 MZ twin pairs. Results showed that differences in kindergarten friends' aggression significantly predicted an increased difference in MZ twins' aggression from kindergarten (mean age = 6.7 years) to Grade 1 (mean age = 7.5 years) for both boys and girls. Differences in perceived victimization by the friend mediated this association, albeit only in boys. Differences in perceived victimization by the friend also predicted an increase in MZ twins' differences in depressive symptoms. These results support the importance of friendship experiences during early childhood.  相似文献